Friday, 27 April 2012

The Display of Research


Within a research based practice it’s difficult to understand or decide how much information is appropriate to present to a viewer. Through this piece of writing I’m hoping to interrogate the different ways I can display information in an attempt to find a format that allows the viewer to sufficiently understanding the work.

Over the past year I’ve become engrossed with the different possibilities of producing a sustainable painting practice. In order for me to be happy with the sustainability of my practice I set some stringent ground rules.
My rules are:
1.     All equipment and materials used must either be; second hand, biodegradable or recyclable.
2.     Once the exhibition has finished all materials must either be; returned to their previous owner, re-sold, composted or recycled.
3.     During the exhibition no excess energy should be needlessly consumed.
4.     The transformation process must only use energy generated by myself or energy from other sustainable sources.
5.     All materials must be sourced as locally and ethically as possible.
6.     Any transport necessary in the collection of materials must be carried out physically by me through the course of walking, running or cycling.

It’s my aim to make a successful painting practice that adheres to the rules stated above. In order to achieve this I’ve had to undertake a huge amount of research, attend a number of workshops and constantly create experiments. Through this investigation I’ve managed to get an understanding of ancient and traditional methods of creating pigment. Through research found in a large array of formats, I’ve managed to get a greater understanding of the organic matter used to create colour in the past. Cross referencing this with the wild plants, shrubs and trees currently found in England, I’ve managed to create a number of well educated experiments that I believed would leave me with a successful dye colour. Once gathered I could then transform this dye in to a pigment through a process called Laking, where white ash is added to the dye mix to collect and absorb the dye creating a solid vessel to carry the colour. I’ve also attempted with Artist and researcher Nabil Ali to create a stable organic pigment without the laking process. We achieved this through the drying, grinding and sieving of certain organic materials such as; nettle leafs, egg shells, woad seeds, St.John’s wort branches and madder roots. Whilst carrying out these experiments I’ve produced a large number of separate recipes. I've also collected much information on how paper, size, glue, string and paint have been made in the past. The main problem found within physical work is how to get all this research across to the viewer without breaking the rules or overwhelming them with information.

In a Gallery the majority of viewers are unable or unwilling to dedicate enough time and effort to the reading, processing and understanding of written information. Due to this, a number of varied modems for displaying information concisely have been made, interaction is now a common aspect of display in an attempt to hold the viewers attention.

This isn’t the case for artist and researcher Edward Tufte[2]. The majority of his prints contain both imagery and information. Tufte believes displaying information and imagery succinctly is already evident within many books. This can be seen in many museums displays and leaflets where it is just as important to understand the history or relevance of certain objects on display. When visiting the Natural History Museum, London, it’s obvious that information and imagery coincide successfully[3]. As a viewer you initially interact with the imagery displayed, questions reeling around your head as to why this animal may have certain attributes and how this will help them. It’s your decision to read any accompanying information, and, if you wish, you are able to answer these questions. You’re getting a visual experience which you can leave as just that, but you are also able to learn something. This works best if the information is displayed as far away from the image as possible, without being too far away that the viewer wouldn’t associate the two together. The experience that the viewer may have pre-information may be totally different to the same experience post information, and, by presenting the information separately from the image, you’re allowing the viewer to have both of these experiences.

When in conversation with John Newling[4], I asked him how he felt about displaying information and research within his work. I was asking in reference to pieces such as; Chatham vines, Weight, The Noah Lab and Peterborough Soil. He told me that when displaying work he tries to get information across to the viewer visually, apposed to written[5]. By including internet controlled and viewed videos in pieces such as Chatham Vines he has passed retrieval of information over to the viewer. This interaction allows the viewer to build up a type of relationship with the work. I’ve done a number of live performances recently allowing the viewer to get a sense of the actual processes involved in the transformation of raw materials. Through this type of interaction the viewer got a physical and sensual understanding of the work in action. Sometimes they’d be overwhelmed by a pungent smell or the heat released etc. Obviously performances can only be sustained for a limited amount of time; by videoing these performances viewers can get a visual experience of the transformation process whenever they wish. Sadly some of the other sensual experiences are lost through the media. That’s why it’s only in use for the documentation of performances, and not regarded as the original piece.

Just when it seems quite obvious how to take this problem forward I am again stumped by the rules I previously created. For example, due to the third rule: During the exhibition no excess energy should be needlessly consumed, I am unable to use cameras, video and sound, or any other electrical implement within my work. These rules are more important to my work than anything else, so it’s vital that I find a way of displaying sufficient information without infringing them. There’s a possibility of allowing my work to bend the rules i.e. I can use electrical equipment as long as I equally offset the Carbon created because of its use. Through this I would be referencing a very modern way of dealing with carbon emissions; instead of changing the process of creating I’d pay for someone to plant a couple of trees, equating to a ‘less bad’ carbon impact. I do not wish my practice to sit within this contemporary mindset. I take a much more archaic way of dealing with the production of artists’ materials, in doing this I am referencing a very historically traditional way of working, and therefore a way of dealing with carbon emissions that existed before the large amount of emissions did. This can be seen in some ideals viewed within the arts and crafts movement, ideals such as those that describe the dignity held within the hand crafted object. Instead of asking how I will display information, I should ask how I can display information; using the word can because the information displayed must still adhere to these rules.  

As seen in Simon Starlings work[6], through the transformation of the physicality and functionality of the materials I am using, I am describing the journey, not only that I take, but also that the materials are taking in order for them to be used within a painting practice. Starling uses only a title and a list of materials like a recipe as information to accommodate his work. I’ve tried this and it really didn’t get the type of reaction that I wanted or expected. I went on to discover that Starling as with Newling released an accompanying article with his work, and it was the information held within this article that was passed around viewers through word of mouth and online. I believe that Starlings status and the interest and knowledge viewers have in regards to the story behind his previous works have allowed him to supply such a little amount of information alongside his static practice. When seeing a piece made by Starling the viewer, almost immediately asks, “So what’s the story?” Someone viewing my artwork for the first time would have little or no knowledge of the context behind my current practice; therefore I must display more information alongside my static installation. It would also be very difficult for me to produce and release a physical article to accompany the piece as it would have to adhere to the rules stated earlier. I could release an article to be accessed online, allowing the observer to view and read it at their pleasure.

Since my practice is so heavily led by the rules that govern what I can show within an exhibition I must find a way of sufficiently displaying the correct amount of information without breaking these rules. I must dismantle the research and testing I’ve collected, cutting this down to lose any unnecessary writing. This filtered information will be that which I believe is most successful. I must then find a suitable way of displaying this information in a more aesthetically pleasing manner, in order to hold the viewers attention. This is, quite possibly, the most important aspect of my exhibited work. What’s the point in displaying a beautiful pigment that I’ve spent months researching and testing in order to create if the viewer has no idea of its origins?

When talking to Nabil Ali about the history and research he’s done in to some of the paintings, pigments and paints he uses and how these are displayed, I told him; “You should release an article or display some more information with your paintings. What you’ve just described to me about the history and great interest you obviously have with regards to the origins of these paintings and what they represent is extremely interesting, but how am I to know all of this if all I’m shown is the painting alone? Without the knowledge you’ve shared with me, the majority of the meanings that this work references would be totally lost, and that would be a great shame.”[7] Although I was saying this to Nabil, there was a part of me that was saying it to confirm the views I had with consideration to my own work.

As discussed earlier, I believe I should write and release an online article that considers the work on show in more depth. This could also be followed with a number of research blogs and articles, created by myself, that allow the viewer to get an understanding of the depth of research carried out. These could be interpreted as teaching documents, where, if the viewer followed the steps presented, they could also create certain pigments. The openness of knowledge and research will hopefully lead to a community development of some of the techniques discussed. But, due to any possible restraints of space within exhibitions and in order to hold the viewers attention, any information provided alongside my physical installation must be as concise as possible. It’s important that I try to find ways of showing this as aesthetically pleasing as possible whilst not losing sight of the rules keeping my practice sustainable.



[1] 1557, The Badianus Manuscripts: An Aztecs Herbal of 1557, Vatican Library. Translated Emily Walcott, 1940, The John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
[4] Newling J, 2012. Interviewed by James Wood at Nottingham Trent University, Bonnington Building. 14/03/2012.
[6] Simon Starling is an Artist whose work involves the transformation of certain materials and objects; he takes great interest in the historical uses and ideas that are associated with these objects. He is best known for his piece ShedBoatShed which won him the 2005 Turner Prize. http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/feb/23/simon-starling-tate-st-ives-review, http://www.scotsman.com/news/interview_simon_starling_artist_1_479380, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg4p9_qAvUM.
[7] Nabil Ali, 2012. Interviewed by James Wood at Nabil’s studio in Colchester, Essex. 23/03/2012.

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